Video Games Good or Bad Essay - 1006 Words

Video Games: Good or Bad? The battle of researchers, depicting whether video games are beneficial or detrimental to children seems to be a new but ongoing argument. With advances in technology and the overwhelming effect of video game entertainment, whether on a computer, video game system, or hand-held device, it is increasingly difficult for parents to monitor their children while occupying their time playing these games. There is more negative research versus positive especially since the topic is just now being researched by psychiatrists, medical personnel, and educationists. Most of the information found on the internet and in publications is starting to take a turn for the positive due to the change in programming and game†¦show more content†¦This leads to children becoming addicted to the gameplay and unable to refrain from thinking of playing, even while in school (Prot, McDonald, Anderson, Gentile, 2012, p.651). These negative effects have a major impact in both males and females bet ween the ages of seven and ten years (Nauert). It is essential to understand and identify the current research pertaining to video games in order to see a different direction. Video games have become a major part of society thanks to the growths in technology; both hardware and software-based. With the convenience of being able to play games on a hand-held device they can be played at any time by any person. That being said, it is even more difficult now for parents to monitor their children with these advancements. However, new research is showing that as children continue to play games appropriate for their age range they have seen new growth in several areas of the brain. According to the Pediatric Clinics of North America, several positive effects of playing age-appropriate video games include improved visual and spatial skills, specific skills and knowledge from educational games, physical activity increase thanks to devices like the Kinect from Microsoft Corporation, and games to improve social behaviors of empathy, as sisting others, and a decrease in aggression (Prot, McDonald, Anderson, Gentile, 2012, p. 648). Visual and spatialShow MoreRelatedEssay on Video Games: Good or Bad?1112 Words   |  5 Pagesinstead. The urge to play â€Å"just one more level† before starting that homework or doing those chores can be quite distracting. But are video games really as awful as Mom exclaims or as brutal as those TV ads depict? It turns out that video games can have a strong impact on participants’ lives in both positive as well as negative ways. When imagining the typical video gamer, one might envision the stereotypical overweight, slightly nerdy looking man who traps himself within his basement till two everyRead MoreVideo Games and Child Development: Good? Or Bad? Essays678 Words   |  3 PagesVideo Games and Child Development: Good? Or Bad? It’s no doubt that video games are very influential toward a younger audience. But, what people fail to realize is, that a game can seem influential to one person, but have no effect on another. The level of influence a game has on a person, depends on their mental state, and their perception of reality; however, it still can also have a positive effect on these individuals. To people that know the difference between pixels on a screen and actualRead MoreThe Art of Video Games833 Words   |  3 Pages Video Games is an electronic game that involves human interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. 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IV-So because videogames were so good to me overRead MoreIntroduction: What is the tv game , Why Tes : We all have different definitions of TV games, the800 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: What is the tv game , Why Tes : We all have different definitions of TV games, the majority believes that games are a variety entertainment , it also usually considered to be time expelled or recreational interest. People play video games for the same reason people do almost anything . You play video games because it is natural human tendency , to try to occupy the time relaxing or fun activities. The way the brain works , it makes us want to engage in some form of adventurous orRead MoreViolent Video Games and the Effects on the Youth800 Words   |  4 PagesViolent Video Games and the Effects on the Youth Today our world is surrounded by technology and new inventions that make our lives better. 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Video games created male and female characters with different body image so players can start to judge the game just by looking at fake characters bodyRead MoreViolent Video Games1485 Words   |  6 PagesHow does violence in video games affect people? Sometimes people think about video games and think oh no big deal but there is a lot that goes into them and they can have different effects on people. Violent video games have the most effect on people and most of them are negative. Educational games te nd to have the best effect on people and can help them. Many people argue both sides and do not see them for what they are and think my kids won’t be affected but they will as more articles state andRead MoreThe Advantage of Video Games1280 Words   |  6 PagesGaming for Good Video Games are entertaining, interesting, and just plain old fun, but many believe that they are poison to the minds children, teens and even adults. 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Why Is Water Pollution An Important Issue Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(21) " be lay waste toing\." A A A A Comprising over 70 % of the Earths surface, H2O is doubtless the most cherished natural resource that exists on our planet.A Without the apparently priceless compound comprised of H and O, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is indispensable for everything on our planet to turn and prosper.A Although we as worlds recognize this fact, we disregard it by fouling our rivers, lakes, and oceans. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Water Pollution An Important Issue Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Subsequently, we are easy but certainly harming our planet to the point where being are deceasing at a really alarming rate.A In add-on to guiltless beings deceasing off, our imbibing H2O has become greatly affected as is our ability to utilize H2O for recreational purposes.A In order to battle H2O pollution, we must understand the jobs and go portion of the solution. POINT AND NONPOINT SOURCES A A A A Harmonizing to the American College Dictionary, pollution is defined as: A to do foul or dirty ; dirty.A Water pollution occurs when a organic structure of H2O is adversely affected due to the add-on of big sums of stuffs to the water.A When it is unfit for its intended usage, H2O is considered polluted.A Two types of H2O pollutants exist ; point beginning and nonpoint source.A Point beginnings of pollution occur when harmful substances are emitted straight into a organic structure of water.A The Exxon Valdez oil spill best illustrates a point beginning H2O pollution.A A nonpoint beginning delivers pollutants indirectly through environmental changes.A An illustration of this type of H2O pollution is when fertiliser from a field is carried into a watercourse by rain, in the signifier of run-off which in bend effects aquatic life.A The engineering exists for point beginnings of pollution to be monitored and regulated, although political factors may perplex affairs. Nonpoint beginnings are much more hard to control.A Pollution originating from nonpoint beginnings histories for a bulk of the contaminations in watercourses and lakes. A A CAUSES OF POLLUTION A A A A A A Many causes of pollution including sewerage and fertilisers contain foods such as nitrates and phosphates.A In extra degrees, foods over stimulate the growing of aquatic workss and algae.A Excessive growing of these types of beings accordingly clogs our waterways, use up dissolved O as they decompose, and block visible radiation to deeper Waterss. This, in bend, proves really harmful to aquatic beings as it affects the respiration ability or fish and other invertebrates that reside in H2O. A A A A Pollution is besides caused when silt and other suspended solids, such as dirt, washoff plowed Fieldss, building and logging sites, urban countries, and eroded river Bankss when it rains.A Under natural conditions, lakes, rivers, and other H2O organic structures undergo Eutrophication, an aging procedure that easy fills in the H2O organic structure with sediment and organic matter.A When these deposits enter assorted organic structures of H2O, fish respirationbecomes impaired, works productiveness and H2O deepness become reduced, and aquatic beings and their environments go suffocated.A Pollution in the signifier of organic stuff enters waterways in many different signifiers as sewerage, as foliages and grass cuttings, or as overflow from farm animal feedlots and pastures.A When natural bacteriums and protozoon in the H2O interrupt down this organic stuff, they begin to utilize up the O dissolved in the water.A Many types of fish and bottom-dwelling animate beings can non last when degrees of dissolved O bead below two to five parts per million.A When this occurs, it kills aquatic beings in big Numberss which leads to breaks in the nutrient concatenation. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.umich.edu/ % 7Egs265/society/image6N8.JPG Polluted River in the United Kingdom The pollution of rivers and watercourses with chemical contaminations has become one of the most crutial environmental jobs within the twentieth century. Waterborne chemical pollution come ining rivers and watercourses cause tramendous sums of devastation. A A A A A A A Pathogens are another type of pollution that turn out really harmful.A They can do many unwellnesss that range from enteric fever and dysentery to minor respiratory and tegument diseases.A Pathogens include such beings as bacteriums, viruses, and protozoan.A These pollutants enter waterways through untreated sewerage, storm drains, infected armored combat vehicles, overflow from farms, and peculiarly boats that shit sewage.A Though microscopic, these pollutants have a enormous consequence evidenced by their ability to do illness. A hypertext transfer protocol: //www.umich.edu/ % 7Egs265/society/pic5.gif ADDITIONAL FORMS OF WATER POLLUTION A A A A A Three last signifiers of H2O pollution exist in the signifiers of crude oil, radioactive substances, and heat.A Petroleum frequently pollutes waterbodies in the signifier of oil, ensuing from oil spills.A The antecedently mentioned Exxon Valdez is an illustration of this type of H2O pollution.A These large-scale accidental discharges of crude oil are an of import cause of pollution along shore lines.A Besides the supertankers, off-shore boring operations contribute a big portion of pollution.A One estimation is that one ton of oil is spilled for every million dozenss of oil transported.A This is equal to about 0.0001 per centum. Radioactive substances are produced in the signifier of waste from atomic power workss, and from the industrial, medical, and scientific usage of radioactive materials.A Specific signifiers of waste are uranium and Th excavation and refining.A The last signifier of H2O pollution is heat.A Heat is a pollutant because increased temperatures result in th e deceases of many aquatic organisms.A These lessenings in temperatures are caused when a discharge of chilling H2O by mills and power workss occurs. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.umich.edu/ % 7Egs265/society/image5BI.JPGDemonstrators Protest Drilling Oil pollution is a turning job, peculiarly devestating to coastal wildlife.A Small measures of oil spread quickly across long distances to organize deathly oil slipperinesss. In this image, demonstrators with â€Å" oil-covered † plastic animate beings protest a possible boring undertaking in Key Largo, Florida. Whether or non inadvertent spills occur during the undertaking, its impact on the delicate Marine ecosystem of the coral reefs could be lay waste toing. You read "Why Is Water Pollution An Important Issue Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" A hypertext transfer protocol: //www.umich.edu/ % 7Egs265/society/imageKUS.JPGOil Spill Clean-up Workers use particular cyberspaces to clean up a California beach after an oil oiler spill. Tanker spills are an increasing environmental job because one time oil has spilled, it is virtually impossible to wholly take or incorporate it. Even little sums spread quickly across big countries of H2O. Because oil and H2O do non blend, the oil floats on the H2O and so washes up on wide sweeps of shoreline. Attempts to chemically handle or drop the oil may farther interrupt Marine and beach ecosystems. Types of H2O pollution Water pollution can come from a figure of different beginnings. If the pollution comes from a individual beginning, such as an oil spill, it is called point-source pollution. If the pollution comes from many beginnings, it is called nonpoint-source pollution. Most types of pollution affect the immediate country environing the beginning. Sometimes the pollution may impact the environment 100s of stat mis off from the beginning, such as atomic waste, this is called transboundary pollution. Surface Waterss are the natural H2O resources of the Earth. They are found on the outside of the Earth ‘s crust and include: Oceans Rivers Lakes These Waterss can go polluted in a figure of ways, and this is called surface H2O pollution. Microbiological H2O pollution is normally a natural signifier of H2O pollution caused by micro-organisms. Many types of micro-organisms live in H2O and cause fish, land animate beings and worlds to go ill. Microorganisms such as: Bacterias Viruss Protozoa Serious diseases such as cholera come from micro-organisms that live in H2O. These diseases normally affect the wellness of people in poorer states, as they do non hold the installations to handle contaminated H2O. Foods are indispensable for works growing and development. Many foods are found in effluent and fertilizers, and these can do extra weed and algae growing if big concentrations end up in H2O. This can pollute imbibing H2O and geta filters. This can be damaging to other aquatic beings as the algae usage up the O in the H2O, go forthing none for the surrounding marine life. Some pollutants do non fade out in H2O as their molecules are excessively large to blend between the H2O molecules. This stuff is called particulate affair and can frequently be a cause of H2O pollution. The suspended atoms finally settle and do a thick silt at the underside. This is harmful to marine life that lives on the floor of rivers or lakes. Biodegradable substances are frequently suspended in H2O and can do jobs by increasing the sum of anaerobiotic microorganisms nowadays. Toxic chemicals suspended in H2O can be harmful to the development and endurance of aquatic life. Causes Domestic families, industrial and agricultural patterns produce effluent that can do pollution of many lakes and rivers. Sewage is the term used for effluent that frequently contains fecal matters, urine and laundry waste. There are one million millions of people on Earth, so treating sewerage is a large precedence. Sewage disposal is a major job in developing states as many people in these countries do n’t hold entree to healthful conditions and clean H2O. Untreated sewerage H2O in such countries can pollute the environment and cause diseases such as diarrhea. Sewage in developed states is carried off from the place rapidly and hygienically through sewerage pipes. Sewage is treated in H2O intervention workss and the waste is frequently disposed into the sea. Sewage is chiefly biodegradable and most of it is broken down in the environment. In developed states, sewerage frequently causes jobs when people flush chemical and pharmaceutical substances down the lavatory. When people are sick, sewerage frequently carries harmful viruses and bacteriums into the environment doing wellness jobs Industry is a immense beginning of H2O pollution, it produces pollutants that are highly harmful to people and the environment. Many industrial installations use fresh water to transport away waste from the works and into rivers, lakes and oceans. Pollutants from industrial beginnings include: Asbestos – This pollutant is a serious wellness jeopardy and carcinogenic. Asbestos fibres can be inhaled and do unwellnesss such as asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung malignant neoplastic disease, enteric malignant neoplastic disease and liver malignant neoplastic disease. Lead – This is a metallic component and can do wellness and environmental jobs. It is a non-biodegradable substance so is difficult to clean up one time the environment is contaminated. Lead is harmful to the wellness of many animate beings, including worlds, as it can suppress the action of bodily enzymes. Mercury – This is a metallic component and can do wellness and environmental jobs. It is a non-biodegradable substance so is difficult to clean up one time the environment is contaminated. Mercury is besides harmful to animal wellness as it can do unwellness through quicksilver toxic condition. Nitrates – The increased usage of fertilizers agencies that nitrates are more frequently being washed from the dirt and into rivers and lakes. This can do eutrophication, which can be really debatable to marine environments. Phosphates – The increased usage of fertilizers agencies that phosphates are more frequently being washed from the dirt and into rivers and lakes. This can do eutrophication, which can be really debatable to marine environments. Sulphur – This is a non-metallic substance that is harmful for marine life. Oils – Oil does non fade out in H2O, alternatively it forms a thick bed on the H2O surface. This can halt Marine workss having adequate visible radiation for photosynthesis. It is besides harmful for fish and marine birds. Petrochemicals – This is formed from gas or gasoline and can be toxic to marine life. Oceans are polluted by oil on a day-to-day footing from oil spills, everyday transportation, run-offs and dumping. Oil spills make up approximately 12 % of the oil that enters the ocean. The remainder semen from transporting travel, drains and dumping. An oil spill from a oiler is a terrible job because there is such a immense measure of oil being spilt into one topographic point. Oil spills cause a really localized job but can be ruinous to local marine wildlife such as fish, birds and sea otters. Oil can non fade out in H2O and forms a thick sludge in the H2O. This suffocates fish, gets caught in the plumes of Marine birds halting them from winging and blocks visible radiation from photosynthetic aquatic workss. Nuclear waste is produced from industrial, medical and scientific procedures that use radioactive stuff. Nuclear waste can hold damaging effects on Marine home grounds. Nuclear waste comes from a figure of beginnings: Operationss conducted by atomic power Stationss produce radioactive waste. Nuclear-fuel reprocessing workss in northern Europe are the biggest beginnings of semisynthetic atomic waste in the environing ocean. Radioactive hints from these workss have been found as far off as Greenland. Mining and refinement of U and Th are besides causes of marine atomic waste. Waste is besides produced in the atomic fuel rhythm which is used in many industrial, medical and scientific procedures. Eutrophication is when the environment becomes enriched with foods. This can be a job in marine home grounds such as lakes as it can do algal blooms. Fertilizers are frequently used in agriculture, sometimes these fertilizers run-off into nearby H2O doing an addition in alimentary degrees. This causes phytoplankton to turn and reproduce more quickly, ensuing in algal blooms. This bloom of algae disrupts normal ecosystem operation and causes many jobs. The algae may utilize up all the O in the H2O, go forthing none for other marine life. This consequences in the decease of many aquatic beings such as fish, which need the O in the H2O to populate. The bloom of algae may besides barricade sunshine from photosynthetic Marine workss under the H2O surface. Some algae even produce toxins that are harmful to higher signifiers of life. This can do jobs along the nutrient concatenation and impact any animate being that feeds on them. A A A CLASSIFYING WATER POLLUTION A A A A A The major beginnings of H2O pollution can be classified as municipal, industrial, and agricultural.A Municipal H2O pollution consists of waste H2O from places and commercial establishments.A For many old ages, the chief end of handling municipal effluent was merely to cut down its content of suspended solids, oxygen-demanding stuffs, dissolved inorganic compounds, and harmful bacteria.A In recent old ages, nevertheless, more emphasis has been placed on bettering agencies of disposal of the solid residues from the municipal intervention processes.A The basic methods of handling municipal effluent autumn into three phases: primary intervention, including grit remotion, showing, grinding, and deposit ; secondary intervention, which entails oxidization of dissolved organic affair by agencies of utilizing biologically active sludge, which is so filtered off ; and third intervention, in which advanced biological methods of N remotion and chemical and physical methods such as farinaceous filtration and activated C soaking up are employed.A The handling and disposal of solid residues can history for 25 to 50 per centum of the capital and operational costs of a intervention plant.A The features of industrial waste Waterss can differ well both within and among industries.A The impact of industrial discharges depends non merely on their corporate features, such as biochemical O demand and the sum of suspended solids, but besides on their content of specific inorganic and organic substances. Three options are available in commanding industrial wastewater.A Control can take topographic point at the point of coevals in the works ; effluent can be pretreated for discharge to municipal intervention beginnings ; or effluent can be treated wholly at the works and either reused or discharged straight into having Waterss. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.umich.edu/ % 7Egs265/society/image90K.JPGWastewater Treatment Natural sewerage includes waste from sinks, lavatories, and industrial procedures. Treatment of the sewerage is required before it can be safely buried, used, or released back into local H2O systems. In a intervention works, the waste is passed through a series of screens, Chamberss, and chemical procedures to cut down its majority and toxicity. The three general stages of intervention are primary, secondary, and third. During primary intervention, a big per centum of the suspended solids and inorganic stuff is removed from the sewerage. The focal point of secondary intervention is cut downing organic stuff by speed uping natural biological procedures. Third intervention is necessary when the H2O will be reused ; 99 per centum of solids are removed and assorted chemical procedures are used to guarantee the H2O is as free from dross as possible. A A A A Agriculture, including commercial farm animal and domestic fowl agriculture, is the beginning of many organic and inorganic pollutants in surface Waterss and groundwater.A These contaminations include both deposit from eroding cropland and compounds of P and N that partially originate in animate being wastes and commercial fertilizers.A Animal wastes are high in O demanding stuff, N and P, and they frequently harbor infective organisms.A Wastes from commercial feeders are contained and disposed of on land ; their chief menace to natural Waterss, hence, is from overflow and leaching.A Control may affect settling basins for liquids, limited biological intervention in aerophilic or anaerobiotic lagunas, and a assortment of other methods. A A Land WATER A A A A A Ninety-five per centum of all fresh H2O on Earth is ground water.A Ground H2O is found in natural stone formations.A These formations, called aquifers, are a critical natural resource with many uses.A Nationally, 53 % of the population relies on land H2O as a beginning of imbibing water.A In rural countries this figure is even higher.A Eighty one per centum of community H2O is dependent on land water.A Although the 1992 Section 305 ( B ) State Water Quality Reports indicate that, overall, the Nationis land H2O quality is good to excellent, many local countries have experienced important land H2O taint. Some illustrations are leaking belowground storage armored combat vehicles and municipal landfills. A A How to cite Why Is Water Pollution An Important Issue Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Education in Spanish Era Essay Example For Students

Education in Spanish Era Essay Formal educational system. Primary level to the tertiary level of education. The schools focused on the Christian Doctrines. There was a separate school for boys and girls. The wealthy Flossing or the Illustrator were accommodated In the schools. Colonial education brought more non-beneficial effects to the Filipinos. Educational Decree 1863 1. The first educational system for students in the country was established. 2. Provide school institutions for boys and girls in every town. 3. Spanish schools started accepting Filipino students. . The Normal School was also established . 5. The friars controlled the educational system during the Spanish times 6. The missionaries took charge In teaching, controlling and maintaining the rules and regulations Imposed to the students. 7. The schools before were exclusive for the Spaniards. The Filipinos were only able to enter the school In the late 19th century. School for Boys: The flirts established schools were exclusive for the boys. The Augu stine built he first school in the Philippines situated in Zebu in 1565. College was equivalent too university during the Spanish regime. The first college school for the boys was the College De San Ignition which was established by the Jesuits in Manila in 1589. They also established the College De San Deadlines in Zebu in 1595. In 1601, College De San Jose was established. In 1589, the Scales Pip was entrusted by the government to the Jesuits. The University of Santos Thomas opened in 1611 by the Dominicans. The San Juan De Lateran for the orphaned boys, in 1630. School for Girls: College De Santa Potential was the first school and college for girls. This was opened In 1589. College De Santa Isabel opened In 1632. The religious congregations also established schools for the girls called beater. Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines The friars were effective in evangelize the Catholic religion to the Filipinos. One major failure of the educational system of the religious congregations was the withholding of the Filipinos to learn other bodies of knowledge. Education during the Spanish regime was privileged only to Spanish students. Several educated Filipinos referred to as illustrator began movements directed towards change in the system of government in the Philippines. Education in Spanish Era By really 102 The wealthy Filipinos or the Illustrator were accommodated in the schools. Colonial education brought more non-beneficial effects to the Filipinos. Educational missionaries took charge in teaching, controlling and maintaining the rules and regulations imposed to the students. The schools before were exclusive for the Spaniards. The Filipinos were only able to enter the school in the late 19th century. The first established schools were exclusive for the boys. The Augustine built the first school in the Philippines situated in Zebu in 1565. College was equivalent In 1589, the Scales Pta was entrusted by the government to the Jesuits. The College De Santa Potential was the first school and college for girls. This was opened in 1589. College De Santa Isabel opened in 1632.

Scarlet Letter And Crucible Comparison Essays - Film, Arts, Fiction

Scarlet Letter And Crucible Comparison When the topic of a Puritanical society is brought up, most people think of a rigorous, conservative, highly devout society. While this may have usually been the case, this was not always so. The Puritan society was also known not to act out of brotherly, "Christian love", but to cruelly lash out on those who sinned or were deemed unfit for society. Two works of literature that display both aspects of this society very accurately are The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and The Crucible, by Arthur Miller. The Scarlet Letter displays a society that treats two people very differently who commit the sin of adultery together. The woman, Hester Prynne, admits her sin, is forced to always wear a scarlet letter "A" on her bosom, and is ostracized from society. The man, Reverend Dimmesdale, who hides his sin from the world, is almost worshipped by the townspeople, but is filled with the dishonor of his action. Hawthorne illustrates how insensitive a Puritan society can be to those who admit their sinful actions. The Crucible is a play that reveals the story of the famous witchcraft trials in Salem, Massachusetts. In the story, Abigail Williams, the orphaned niece of the town?s minister, Reverend Parris, is the main person who accuses people of sending their spirits on her and the other girls. What starts as children dancing in the woods leads to the accusation and execution of many innocent people for witchcraft. The two works of literature, The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter have very similar qualities, including setting, difference, and general aspects of the characters, while there are also specific parallels between characters, such as Abigail and Hester, and Parris and Dimmesdale. The settings in both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible are similar in many ways. The Scarlet Letter takes place around the 1640s, as The Crucible occurs in 1692. The time period is very important in both pieces, because it is a time of religious intolerance and a conservative attitude pervades in New England, where both works of literature take place. This Puritan setting is also very important in both works of literature. The reason behind the townspeople persecuting sinners is because of the Puritan beliefs of the time period. This is the driving force between the actions of the characters. The setting of a religiously intolerant village is also the main reason behind the conflict that lies in each plot. The conflicts in both works of literature are also similar. The same thing, the excessively devout town in which the setting takes place, causes them both. The conflict in The Scarlet Letter that occurs between Dimmesdale, Hester, and Chillingworth; is caused by the town?s intolerance for sinners. Hester?s life is spent in complete loneliness because of the way the town treats her. Chillingworth, Hester?s past husband, is like most of the townspeople, because he feels the need to punish and inflict pain on sinners, especially those who have personally harmed him. Chillingworth tries to gain revenge on Dimmesdale, the man who commits adultery with his wife. The town?s desire to seek out and personally condemn sinners is also the source of conflict in The Crucible. In The Crucible, the townspeople hunt out the witches in the community as an attempt to rid the town of evil. In both, the conflict is caused by the town?s self appointed right to rancorously persecute and punish anyone who is found sinning. The conflict is also similar because both towns are generally the same. They are both located in the same general area of America, which causes the people to have similar beliefs and traditions. This includes the townspeople, and the general aspects of the characters. The general aspects of characters are also similar in both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible. Both have a main antagonist, who wishes to punish sinners. In The Scarlet Letter, this person is Roger Chillingworth, who wants to gain revenge on Dimmesdale, and in The Crucible, the antagonist is Abigail Williams, the girl who mainly accuses the people of being witches. In addition, both works of literature include ignorant townspeople who contribute to the main conflict. In The Scarlet Letter, these people are the ones who loathe Hester, but love Reverend Dimmesdale. The people in Reverend Parris? home while his daughter is sick, and the people in court in The Crucible are similar to the townspeople in The Scarlet Letter. Part of this is due to the Puritan setting. This affects the way the people think, and how they view

The Life of George Washington essays

The Life of George Washington essays Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington. Little. 1967 George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the United States of America. He served as commander-in-chief of the Continental army during the Revolutionary War, and later served as the first president of the United States. His thoughts and ideas helped mold the United States into the great country that it is today. George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the eldest son of Augustine Washington and Mary Ball Washington. He received no formal education, but he read geography, military history, agriculture, deportment, and composition. Washington later developed a powerful and convincing style of speech and writing. He enjoyed sports and social occasions, and he later became a surveyor for landowners on the George Washington was elected president of the United States in 1789, and in New York City on April 30, 1789, he took the oath of office as President of the United States at age 57. He was extremely influential in the initial operation of the new government. After the ballot he wrote, "My movements to the chair of government will be accompanied by feeling not unlike those of a culprit, who is going to the place of his execution." Washington's task was to organize a government but also create a role for the highest officer of the new nation. Both tasks earned him One of Washington's first duties of office was establishing a cabinet. He appointed Alexander Hamilton secretary of treasury and Thomas Jefferson secretary of state. Washington allowed Jefferson to pursue a policy of seeking trade with European nations. Hamilton proposed important ideas such as a funded national debt and the creation of the Bank of the United States. The first United States census was take ...

Bell 412 Specs

This document is intended for the use of BHTI employees, and BHTI independent representatives (international dealers), and for prospective customers as an aid in determining estimated weight and performance of the helicopter when configured with equipment for specific missions. Disclosure, reproduction, or use of any material in this document by persons other than BHTI employees, and BHTI independent representatives, and prospective customers are forbidden without written permission from Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. The listings of Optional Equipment (â€Å"Kits†) are subject to revision and change, and also may be different for specific serial number helicopters or special custom configurations. Please consult the â€Å"Notes† column found in the optional equipment list tables for equipment compatibility. The continuing product improvement process of BHTI may cause some components, equipment, and compatibility to be changed or replaced. The specifications, weights, dimensions, and performance data shown in this document are subject to change without notice. 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Bell, 206, 407, 407GX, 429, 412, Huey II, LongRanger and JetRanger are registered trademarks of Textron Innovations Inc. All rights reserved Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 1 1  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 2 2 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Bell 412EP RELIABLE, RUGGED AND READY The Bell 412EP is the workhorse of the helicopter industry with a reputation of getting up and going to work every day in even the most extreme environments. †¢ Proven Pratt Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac engines with more than 25 million flight hours in more than 2,000 aircraft worldwide †¢ High retirement and overhaul intervals 5,000 hour drive system TBO 4,000 hour engine overhaul interval On-condition composite main rotor blades †¢ 25,000 hours between premature engine removals †¢ Excellent Category A / JAR OPS 3 capability †¢ Rugged fuselage with rollover bulkhead protection and rupture resistant fuel cells The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 3 3  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Specification Summary (U. S. Units) Weight lb Weight lb Empty Weight (IFR Std. Config. ) 1 6,964 Maximum Gross Weight (Internal) 11,900 Useful Load (Internal, IFR Std. Config. ) 4,936 Maximum Gross Weight (External) 11,900 Maximum External Load 4,500 Performance Summary: Takeoff, Gross Weight lb IGE Hovering Ceiling 9,500 10,500 11,900 ISA OGE Hovering Ceiling ft 17,400 14,300 10,200 ISA + 20  °C ft 14,400 10,900 6,200 ISA 10,400 5,200 10,300 6,050 (11,890 lb @ SL) ISA ft 14,000 11,270 7,270 ft 12,120 9,000 4,990 ISA Service Ceiling (AEO) 13,800 ft ISA + 20  °C FAA Take Off and Landing Limit, WAT 2 ft ISA + 20  °C ft 19,840 18,760 16,290 (continuous OEI) ISA ft 11,450 8,850 5,400 (30 minute OEI) 3 ISA ft 12,850 10,500 7,600 4,000 ft, ISA kts 132 130 125 n mi 366 364 358 kts 126 125 122 n mi 414 410 401 kts 131 130 125 Maximum Continuous Cruise (true airspeed) Cruise at Long Range Cruise (LRC) Speed Range 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) Range SL, ISA 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) Catagory A Takeoff and Landing Ceiling 4,000 ft, ISA ft 6,000 3,400 (11,580 lb @ SL) ft 3,750 1,200 (10,800 lb @ SL) SL, ISA hr 4. 0 3. 9 3. 6 4,000 ft, ISA Endurance at Loiter Speed 4 ISA ISA + 20  °C Elevated Helipad hr 4. 3 4. 2 3. 9 Uninstalled Thermodynamic Power Engine Ratings: (100% RPM) Engine Rated Power 2 x 950 2 x 900 Standard: Pratt Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac Takeoff (5 minutes) SHP Max Continuous Power SHP 2 x 950 2 x 800 OEI (2-1/2 minutes) SHP 1 x 1,140 1 x 1,133 OEI (continuous) SHP 1 x 970 1 x 1,024 OEI (30 minutes) SHP 1 x 1,066 1 x 1,079 OEI (continuous) SHP 1 x 950 N/A Optional: Pratt Whitney PT6T-3DF Twin Pac Transmission Ratings (100% RPM, at mast) Takeoff (5-minute) 1,370 SHP Max Continuous Power 1,110 SHP Single Engine Limited by Power Available Fuel (usable) Type Aviation Turbine Capacity 330. 5 US Gallons Note 1 IFR Standard Configuration includes all items listed in the Standard Configuration table of this document as well as twenty-five pounds (eleven kilograms) of engine oil. Ballast is not included in the standard configuration (ballast is a function of installed equipment). Note 2 With BLR FastFin ® System. Does not apply for Catagory B, 9-passenger seat configuration. The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 4 4 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM Specification Summary (Metric Units) Weight kg Weight kg Empty Weight (IFR Std. Config. ) 1 3,159 Maximum Gross Weight (Internal) 5,398 Useful Load (Internal, IFR Std. Config. ) 2,239 Maximum Gross Weight (External) 5,398 Maximum External Load 2,041 Performance Summary: Takeoff, Gross Weight kg IGE Hovering Ceiling ISA 4,309 4,763 5,398 m 5,304 4,359 3,109 ISA + 20  °C m 4,389 3,322 1,890 ISA OGE Hovering Ceiling m 4,206 3,170 1,585 ISA + 20  °C m 3,139 1,844 (5,393 kg @ SL) ISA m 4,267 3,435 2,216 ISA + 20  °C FAA Take Off and Landing Limit, WAT 2 m 3,694 2,743 1,521 Service Ceiling (AEO) ISA m 6,047 5,718 4,919 (continuous OEI) ISA m 3,490 2,697 1,646 ISA m 3,917 3,200 2,316 1,219 m, ISA km/h 244 241 232 km 678 674 663 (30 minute OEI) 3 Maximum Continuous Cruise (true airspeed) Cruise at Long Range Cruise (LRC) Speed Range 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) Range 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) SL, ISA 1,219 m, ISA km/h 233 232 226 km 767 757 743 243 241 232 m 1,829 1,036 (5,253 kg @ SL) m 1,143 366 (4,899 kg @ SL) SL, ISA hr 4. 0 3. 9 3. 6 1,219 m, ISA Elevated Helipad Endurance at Loiter Speed 4 km/h ISA + 20  °C Catagory A Takeoff and Landing Ceiling hr 4. 3 4. 2 3. 9 ISA Uninstalled Thermodynamic Power Engine Ratings: (100% RPM) Engine Rated Power Standard: Pratt Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac Takeoff (5 minutes) kW 2 x 708 2 x 671 Max Continuous Power kW 2 x 708 2 x 597 OEI (2-1/2 minutes) kW 1 x 850 1 x 845 OEI (continuous) kW 1 x 723 1 x 764 OEI (30 minutes) kW 1 x 795 1 x 805 OEI (continuous) kW 1 x 708 N/A Optional: Pratt Whitney PT6T-3DF Twin Pac Transmission Ratings (100% RPM, at mast) Takeoff (5-minute) 1,022 kW Max Continuous Power 828 kW Single Engine Limited by Power Available Fuel (usable) Type Aviation Turbine Capacity 1,251 liters Note 3 Increased capability available with optional Pratt Whitney PT6T-3DF (30 minute OEI Power Kit). Note 4 Standard fuel, no reserve. The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 5 5  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM BLR Strake and FastFin ® Bell Helicopter has partnered with BLR Aerospace to provide its performance, safety and efficiency-enhancing FastFin ® system as a standard feature on new Bell 412EP aircraft orders. The system incorporates two parallel stall strips along the tail boom and a reshaped vertical fin. These modifications combine to optimize airflow around the tail boom, improving the handling, stability and lifting capacity of the Bell 412EP in all environments, especially high and hot conditions. The FastFin ® system is a combination of two separate modifications, one to the vertical fin and the other to the tailboom. For clarity, the term FastFin ® refers to the BLR modification that changes the shape and contour of the vertical fin. The term FastFin ® System refers to the combined FastFin ® and Dual Tail Boom Strake installation. The performance benefits of this system include increased tail rotor effectiveness and higher crosswind speed tolerance at hover in certain conditions. In conditions where the aircraft is currently tail rotor limited the FastFin ® System results in increased Weight-Altitude-Temperature (WAT) capability for takeoff, landing and in-ground-effect maneuvers, providing substantial improvement in useful load for hot/high operation (See performance chart below). 14,000 Be ll 41 M 2EP ax G wit Be ro h ss Fa ll 41 W stF 2E ei in gh TM P M tL S ax im ys G it tem ro ss W ei gh tL im it 12,000 Density Altitude (feet) 10000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 8,000 9,000 10,000 Gross Weight (lb) 11,000 12,000 Bell 412EP WAT Improvement with FastFin ® System The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 6 6 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 7 7  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM External Dimensions LOW SKID GEAR Bell 412EP Low Skid Gear OPTIONAL HIGH SKID GEAR WITH AAI FLITESTEP ® Bell 412EP High Skid Gear Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 8 8 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:08 PM OPTIONAL EMERGENCY FLOAT GEAR WITH AAI FLOATSTEPâ„ ¢ Bell 412EP Float Kit OPTIONAL BLADE FOLDING KIT DIMENSIONS Minimum Hanger Size* Rotor Not Folded 33. 0 ft x 49. 6 ft (10. 1 m x 15. 2 m) Minimum Hanger Size* Rotor Folded 9. 5 ft x 55. 8 ft (2. 9 m x 17. 1 m) *Allowance should be made for high skid gear, ground wheels, emply fuel condition and door lip when considering hangar door width and height Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 9 9  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Bell 412EP Seating and Interior Trim Choices Crew Seats Two individual energy attenuating seats, fore/aft and up/down adjustable, each equipped with seat belt, double strap shoulder harness and inertia reel. Available with Grey, Blue, Red, or Tan upholstery which will match that selected for the cabin. Passenger Seats 13 seats offered in three options. (NOTE: Seating option 1 meets the criteria required by FAA regulations for installation in U. S. registered helicopters. Seating Options 2 3 require the addition of the STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit for installation in U. S. registered helicopters. ) 1) Standard Seating Fabric covered high-backed folding seats with individual seat belts and single strap shoulder harness and inertia reel, arranged with one row of four (two 2-place benches) forward facing seats, and one row of five forward facing seats, and two outward facing two place benches (one on either side of the transmission). Available with Grey, Blue, Red, or Tan upholstery with Black seat belts. Seats are are also available in all vinyl at additional cost. (210. lb [95. 7 kg] included in the standard configuration weight. ) STANDARD SEATING (Shown with standard interior trim and floor covering) SEATING OPTIONS 2 AND 3 NOT ILLUSTRATED 2) Utility Seating Available for U. S. registered helicopters ONLY with addition of STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit. Nylon covered bench type seating arranged with one row of four rearward facing seats (behind the crew seats), one row of five forward facing seats (in front of the transmission), and two outward facing two place benches (one on either side of the transmission). Each seat has an individual seat belt. Available in Tan or Black. The Utility Seating decreases the standard configuration weight (-93. 3 lb [-42. 3 kg], with Alpine Shoulder Harness -59. 5 lb [-27. 0 kg]). 3) Cushioned Utility Seating Available for U. S. registered helicopters ONLY with addition of STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit. As in 2) above with the addition of fabric covered cushions, available in the same colors as the Standard Seating. The Cushioned Utility Seating decreases the standard configuration weight (-81. 1 lb [-36. 8 kg], with Alpine Shoulder Harness -47. 3 lb [-21. 5 kg]). Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 12EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 10 10 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM INTERIOR TRIM CHOICES 1) Standard Interior Trim The Standard Interior Trim is provided as a NO COST OPTION, but is not included in the Standard Configuration Empty Weight. Included are: Plastic closeouts on upper sidewalls, window reveals, and cabin headlin er; Padded vinyl covering the floor and lower door panels; Lower aft bulkhead covered with padded vinyl blankets. The hard plastic headliner and closeouts are off-white in color, and the padded bulkhead blankets and floor covering are color coordinated to match the seat color selection. The Standard Interior Trim increases the standard configuration empty weight (165. 7 lb [75. 2 kg]). 2) Utility Interior Trim The Utility Interior Trim consists of: Light beige vinyl covered headliner and bulkhead blankets; Doors painted light beige; Floor painted brown. The Utility Interior Trim is included in the standard configuration empty weight (33. 3 lb [15. 1 kg]). CUSTOMIZED SEATING [Example] Customized Seating Custom designed interiors are available from aircraft completion centers to meet the needs of Corporate or Emergency Medical Service customers. Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 11 11  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Standard Configuration (Items Included In List Price) AIRFRAME TRANSMISSION/ DRIVE SYSTEM Aluminum alloy fuselage (over 240 ft3 [6. 8M3]) loading space Glass windshields Main rotor transmission with 4 chip detectors/2 debris collectors Tinted overhead windows Vibration isolation / suspension mounts (4) Dual windshield wipers Main Lift link (single point suspension) Fresh air ventilators with adjustable outlets (8 cockpit and 12 aft cabin) 42? gearbox (sight gage and magnetic drain plug/chip detector) Bleed air heater and defroster with air noise suppression 90? gearbox (sight gage and magnetic drain plug/chip detector) Cargo tie-down fittings (51 aft cabin floor) Hydraulic pumps for controls (2 independent systems) Map and data case Transmission oil cooler Cabin fire extinguisher (2) Swingout jettisonable doors (2 for forward cabin) POWER PLANT Sliding doors (2 for aft cabin access with 2 emergency exit panels on each door) Automatic governors (2) Pratt Whitney of Canada PT6T-3D â€Å"Twin Pac† (1800 SHP) Swingout panels for extended access to aft cabin (2) Magnetic chip detectors Fixed step on skids for entry to forward cabin (2) Torque limiter Fuel System (330. 5 US Gal [1251 liter] usable, rupture resistant cells and breakaway vent fitting) Retractable steps for aft cabin access (2) Baggage compartment in tail boom (over 28 ft [0. 8M ], 400 lb [181kg] capacity). 3 3 Pumps on engines and submerged in fuel tanks Skid-type landing gear with replaceable wear shoes Fuel filter assembly Mooring and jacking fittings (4) Oil coolers (2) External attachment fittings (16) Fire detection system (2) Semi-monocoque tailboom Fire extinguisher system (2) BLR Strake and FastFin RPM warning system  ® Elevator (airspeed / spring-cartridge controlled) Hinged cowling Tail skid Starter-generators (2) Cargo hook provisions Power turbine RPM control actuators AUDIO Combining gearbox with chip detector Two station aft intercom system w/crew interface Separate firewall protection for each engine ROTORS CONTROLS Overriding clutches (2) Soft-in-plane flex beam hub with four fiberglass blades Extended Engine Exhaust Deflectors Main rotor droop restraint COMMUNICATIONS NAVIGATION Pendulum vibration absorbers 720 Channel VHF rec/trans transceiver (KTR-908) Semi-rigid, two bladed all-metal tail rotor VHF antenna All controls hydraulically boosted (dual systems for main rotor) 2 Headsets (pilot copilot) Force trim system and artificial feel (electrically set) 2 Intercomunication Panels (ICS) (pilot copilot) Dual controls Emergency Transmit Switch Cyclic stick centering Horizontal Situation Indicator RPM governor selector control Attitude Director Indicator Manual engine torque matching and trim Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (2) Dual Digital Three axis AFCS (2 flight control computers) Cockpit voice recorder provisions Rotor brake Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 12 12 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Standard Configuration (continued) FLIGHT ENGINE INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT ENGINE INSTRUMENTS (continued) Flight Director Nav Coupler (3-axis) Master warning lights on the instrument panel draw attention to: Free air temperature indicator RPM Pitot static system with electric pitot heat Eng 2 Out Eng 2 Fire Eng 1 Out AL-300 Data Display Eng 1 Fire Baggage Fire Cyclic Radar altimeter #1 Over torque centering Altimeter (barometric) (mast) IFR EQUIPMENT Clock, digital quartz chronometer Co-pilot clock Hourmeter Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) (KDM-706) Magnetic compass, pilot’s standby IFR FAA kit Airspeed indicator Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) (XDF-806) Rate of climb indicator Nav receiver #1 VOR/LOC with HB/HSI (KNR-634) Turn and slip indicator Nav receiver #2 VOR/LOC with HSI (KNR-634) Triple tachometer (rotor and engines) VHF-AM Comm #2 radio (KTR-908) Dual hydraulic press/temp indicator (2) Transponder (MST67) Gas producer tach indicator (2) Co-pilot instruments (FAA) Triple torque indicator (Eng 1, Eng 2, mast) Standby attitude indicator Engine oil-temp/press indicator (2) ELECTRICAL Turbine inlet temperature indicator (2) Generator (2) (30 volt, 200 ampere DC startergenerator derated to 150 amperes) Fuel pressure indicator Transmission oil-temp/press indicator Inverters (2), (450 volt ampere single phase, solid state) Dual DC and AC voltmeters Nickel cadmium battery (40 ampere hours) Dual DC loadmeter Battery over-temp warning Fire detection warning (3) Generator voltage regulators Combining gearbox oil-temp/press indicator Instrument (integral) lights (white) Flight data recorder provisions Navigation lights Caution Warning System Master caution light on panel draws attention to the pedestal mounted annunciator panel when worded segments illuminate: Landing light-retractable Anticollision light (2) Engine oil press (2) DC generator (2) Tritium lighted emergency exit signs Trans oil press Gen overheat (2) Cockpit lights (2) Trans oil temp AC inverter (2) Dome lights (3) Comb box oil press External power External power receptacle Comb box oil temp Battery switch Twin ignition and starting systems Chip detectors (5) Battery temp Seat belt sign Fuel boost (2) Hydraulic Passenger step lights Fuel filter (2) Door locks Baggage compartment light fire sensor Fuel valve (2) Heater Utility cabin lights (removable) Fuel low (2) Part sep off (2) Fuel X feed Rotor brake (2) PAINT Emerg gov manual (2) Caution panel Markings for high visibility M/R blades (white orange) Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 13 13  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Standard Configuration (continued) MISCELLANEOUS Covers, tail pipe, turbine air inlet, and pitot tube Flight bag Ground handling wheels, hydraulically activated Manuals: Aircraft log, Engine log, Engine operations, Flight, Maintenance Overhaul Manual, Illustrated Parts Catalog Tie-down assemblies, main rotor tail rotor INTERIOR TRIM Choice of Standard or Utility Interior Trim. Standard; Rigid three-piece headliner in cabin, padded iberglass floor covering, bulkheads, trimmed with cream-colored plastic and color-coordinated vinyl coated fiberglass, cabin doors trimmed with plastic, special soundproofing, seat upholstered with foam and fabric. Selection of fabric colors. Not included in Standard Configuration Weight, increases empty weight 165. 6 pounds (75. 1 kilograms) when installed. Utility; Be ige soundproofing blankets on bulkheads and overhead; doors painted beige, floor painted brown. Included in Standard Configuration Weight (approximately 32. 6 pounds, 914. 8 kilograms). Specifications subject to change without notice. 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 14 14 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 15 15  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Optional Accessories [Kits listed below are compatible with the FAA IFR 3-axis / non-EFIS configuration except as individually noted] Additional kits and STC items may be available for factory installation. Please consult sales or contract personnel regarding special needs prior to selection of final configuration. Wt (lb) Wt (kg) Notes 11. 7 5. 3 1, 2 FIXED STEP RIGHT HAND 11. 6 5. 3 1, 2 HEAVY DUTY HIGH SKID GEAR w/o STEPS 18. 5 8. 4 1, 3 HEAVY DUTY HIGH CROSS TUBES FOR EMER. FLOATS 3. 8 1. 7 EMERGENCY FLOATS (provisions) 51. 0 23. 2 EMERGENCY FLOATS /RESERVOIR NOSE 97. 5 44. 2 4 EMERGENCY FLOATS (L. G. w/ FLOATS PWR STEPS) 168. 8 76. 6 1, 4 HEATED WINDSHIELD 9. 8 4. 4 1 EXPANDABLE BOLTS MAIN ROTOR 3. 0 1. 4 FUEL KIT MANIFOLD DRAIN 0. 3 0. 1 Kit Description AIRFRAME FIXED STEP LEFT HAND 9 CELL FUEL SYS 4 -16. 1 -7. 3 SEAT BELT SIGN STD INTR 0. 3 0. 1 SEAT BELT SIGN DLX INTR 0. 3 0. 1 AUX FUEL PROVS 5. 4 . 5 5 AUX FUEL, 16. 3 GAL LH 20. 2 9. 1 5 AUX FUEL, 16. 3 GAL RH 20. 2 9. 1 5 AUX FUEL, 81. 7 GAL LH (REQUIRES REMOVAL OF 2 OUTBOARD-FACING PAX SEATS) 50. 3 22. 8 5 AUX FUEL, 81. 7 GAL RH (REQUIRES REMOVAL OF 2 OUTBOARD-FACING PAX SEATS) 50. 3 22. 8 5 5 INDICATOR, FUEL QTY, AUX FUEL -0. 1 0. 0 TOLERANT FUEL 98. 5 44. 7 EFIS (ELECTRONIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM) 113. 4 51. 4 1, 6 4-AXIS D DAFCS W/ DUAL FLIGHT DIRECTOR 26. 4 12. 0 7 PRIMUS 700 WEATHER RADAR 49. 1 22. 3 7 PRIMUS 700 WEATHER RADAR W/ EFIS 54. 6 24. 8 7 ENCODING ALTIMETER 0. 1 0. 0 1, 7 RADAR ALTIMETER #2 12. 2 5. 6 7 CABIN PA SYSTEM (NON-EFIS)

Episode Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Episode Analysis - Essay Example The Host, Dr. Richard Jackson, MD, MPH is a pediatrician by profession, worked with the CDC before becoming chair at the UCLA department of health Sciences. Jackson believes that America was built in a manner that did not cater for the health needs of people. Doing the research in the environment and human health, Richardson realized that people are not doing enough to realize what effects in the environmental are affecting their health. The author developed the TV series and wrote the book as a step to help create awareness on the effects the current environment people have created has on health. In the episode, the narrator provides information on the relationship between obesity and Type 2 diabetes. People become obese mainly as a result of unhealthy lifestyles. As a result of obesity, there are very high chances of such an individual to develop Type 2 Diabetes. According to CDC (2014) children experiencing obesity have higher likelihoods of developing pre-diabetic conditions. A similar research found a relationship between obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Norway (Hjartaker, Langlesh, & Weiderpass, 2008). Most public health problems facing the American Society is related to their lifestyles. The most common public health hazard is the dependence of Americans on cars. The distance between home, shopping mall and the workplace is big to the extent that many people have to commute every day. People spent many hours driving thus reducing their time to exercise. In addition to the lack of exercise, dependence on fast foods is another health hazard facing public health and the American community. Unfitness and eating of junk food is the main reason explaining the high rate of obesity among Americans (Jackson, 2013). Poor urban planning, Poor eating habits and lifestyle are some of the factors resulting to increased rates of chronic diseases among most people. However, according to

Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Innovation and Change - Essay Example Legitimate innovations are not always the commercialisation of a significant advance in product concept, but can be the process of making enhancements to an existing product. Beacham (2006, p.9) reinforces that innovation is â€Å"the successful exploitation of new ideas†, meaning that specific business processes or management ideology can be representative of legitimate innovation which radically or incrementally change the methodology by which a business improves itself. The end result of innovation as a new idea, rather than a radically exclusive and exceptional product development, is being able to differentiate the innovative firm from its competitor base. For the sake of argument, it should then be recognised that genuine innovations involve making non-replicable changes to business strategy, service delivery processes, internal cultural dynamics both professional and social, improving functionality through software technology implementation, or blending existing technol ogies to create greater value for the firm in a way that has not been conceived of by rival firms. When attempting to determine whether SMEs are better able to innovate than larger organisations, it is necessary to clearly define the concept of what actually constitutes an innovation. An initial assessment of innovation, using the premise that a legitimate innovation is solely related to radical product development, would seem to point toward a larger organisation being more equipped to provide innovation than their smaller business counterparts due to higher capital availability, more labour and divisional support, and more refined manufacturing capacity. Taking into consideration the tangible definition of innovation, involving a variety of conceptions not always related to product, it is actually much more realistic to believe that the SME is much better equipped to provide innovation than the larger corporation. This essay describes the characteristics of the SME that actually m ake innovation more easily achievable than larger businesses, including an emphasis on leadership, cultural development, the political hierarchy, the nature of SME team functioning, organisational structure and managerial prowess in understanding the relationships between inputs and outputs that assist in sustaining the small to medium enterprise. The political hierarchy and business culture In order to successfully innovate, it is necessary to transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge within an open culture environment. Tacit knowledge is highly specialised, consisting of expertise that is not easily translatable and transferrable to individuals within the organisation that do not maintain similar expertise. Explicit knowledge is generally defined as documented, easy-to-transfer information such as journals, drawings, schematics and internal procedures that is accessible and understood by all organisational members (Fodor 1968). In the large organisation, especially a multi -national company which maintains a high volume of inter-dependent business divisions, including procurement, research and development, sales and marketing, human resources, and manufacturing, each business unit/division maintains expert (tacit) knowledge labourers. Within the large corporation, it is uncommon for individuals that have been hired for their specific skills and capabilities to be cross-trained under a job rotation

Minimum Wage Essay Example for Free

Minimum Wage Essay American workers will have a 1.75$ increase in their hourly wage by the end of 2015, as President Barack Obama recently called to raise the federal minimum wage from $7.25 an hour $9.00 an hour. This increase in the minimum wage of American citizen aims to help people with a low annual wage: cooks, employees of the janitorial industry and many others working these necessary menial occupations are set to benefit. The white house estimates that this measure will boost the wage of approximately 15 millions low-income workers. Raising the minimum wage, according to the White House press, will have some positive effect for low-income families; however, many companies are opposed to raising the minimum wage. A higher wage will have a direct impact on the cost of business. Some economists argue that higher minimum wage will result in an increased unemployment percentage. Although minimum wage laws can fix hourly pay, they cannot guarantee jobs. Employers are not willing to pay a worker more than the value of the additional product that he produces. For example, if a worker produces 4$ worth of goods per hour and because of the minimum wage he has to be paid 5.15$. Since he cost more than what he produces it makes it hard for him to find a job. At one point in the article, the President said that one of the best ways to get the economy going again is to put money in the pockets of people who work. (Lowrey)It is true that families with low income will earn more money: it is projected that a family that is earning $20,000 to $30,000 a year will see an additional $3,500 in their income. (Lowrey) This general positive outcome of increasing the minimum wage has led many law makers to wrongly assume that increasing the minimum wage is an effective way to fight  poverty. From the point of view of an economist, raising the minimum wage may increases the probability that a poor family will escape poverty through higher wages, but it does increase the probability of another family with average income will become poor as a result of minimum wage giving rise to inflation. It also decreases the proportion of families with income near the poverty line, suggesting that it more will be more difficult to escape poverty. We all know that if the minimum wage increases then the cost of living will inevitably increase as well as a result of inflation. Economists are against minimum wage laws because they create a price floor. In this case, a price floor is not the price that products can be sold for, but what price employers can spend on their employees. For non-economists, legislating a minimum wage is commonly seen as an effective way of giving raises to low-wage workers. Unfortunately it, like any other price floor, creates a surplus. In this case, the surplus is a larger than expected number of workers more of are willing to work in minimum-wage jobs than there are employers willing to hire at that wage. Economists think that there should not be any policies concerning wages: an employee should be paid what the employer thinks he/she deserves. Minimum wage increases make unskilled workers more expensive and therefore undesirable relative to all other factors of production. (Mankiw) For example, if skilled workers make 15$/hour and unskilled workers make three dollars an hour, skilled workers are five times as expensive as the unskilled. Imposing a minimum wage of five dollars an hour makes skilled workers relatively more attractive by making them only three times as expensive as unskilled workers. Another important characteristic of the policy to increase minimum wage that was not discussing in the article is that it may also negatively impact workers by changing how they are compensated. Benefits such as paid vacation, free room and board; inexpensive insurance and subsidized childcare are an important part of the total compensation for many low wageworkers. (Mankiw) When minimum wages rise, employers can control total compensation costs by cutting benefits; such is the case for the United States today. The employer always had to follow the minimum wage in order to pay their employee. The minimum wage should not be existent nowadays; the employer should have the choice to pay their employee based on their knowledge. An employee that knows more and produces more should have an higher hourly range. Sources: Textbook Mankiw, N. Gregory. Principles of Economics. 6th. Mason, OH, USA: 2012. Print. Website: Lowrey, Annie. Raising Minimum Wage Would Ease Income Gap but Carries Political Risks. New York Times. N.p., 13-02-2013. Web. 5 Oct 2013. .

Women, Sport, and Film :: Sociology Norms Society Essays

Women, Sport, and Film There are two sides to every coin. This is something to keep in mind when examining the topic of gender in sport. Specifically, I am speaking of the costs and benefits of a male or female entering a sport in which he or she is not traditionally accepted for their gender. The two sides to this concept lay not only the individual's sacrifices as the underdog, but also in the benefits the individual encounters on his or her adventure into uncharted territory. Of course, it is a struggle for the individual to become accepted by the sport world, and also the general public. It can be an uphill battle in order for him or her to even be able to participate initially. On the other hand, upon crossing the gender boundary, the individual can earn great recognition. This brings the concept to another level; there are cultural benefits that arise from an individual entering a non-traditional sport for their sex. Three movies that we viewed in the first half of this course have served to demonstr ate the individual costs and benefits involved when women become involved in sports that are not traditionally accepting of the female sex. After close analysis of "Girl Fight", "Pumping Iron II", and "Personal Best", effects that these women have on the female culture as a whole, to this day, become clear. In the movie "Girl Fight", Diana struggles as a female boxer living in the inner city. Because of the abnormality of her involvement in this typically male dominant sport, Diana has a hard time adjusting to the scrutiny she gets from her surrounding culture. This brings up the first social cost she stumbles upon due to her choice. She must remain secretive about her new found love for the sport of boxing. She is excited to have found a coach, a gym, and an outlet for her energy, however she is silenced by the fear of being shunned by her friends and peers, and worse, her dad and brother. As she (inevitably) progressively gains skill in the sport, it becomes harder for her to hide her excitement, and so she invites her best friend and other peers to one of her boxing matches. Another individual benefit for Diana is a social one. By being the only girl involved in boxing, she has potential boyfriends and opportunity for friendships and loves surrounding her.

Sentimentality in Art

Sentimentality to one person may not be sentimentality to another. As we talked about in class, sentimentality is â€Å"said to be a mood or feelings, not a feeling in and of itself†. For something to be sentimental to us, it is usually something that makes us feel better about ourselves, or something that produces a type of feeling. Pablo Picasso’s painting titled â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’ Avignor† is a piece of art that I feel to be sentimental.Everyone is entitled to his or her own opinions for example; Ira Newman may feel that this piece depicts emotions of sentimentalism, while someone like Savile would see this piece of art as having no form of sentimentalism what so ever. I chose to talk about Picasso’s â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’Avignor† or â€Å"The Young Ladies of Avignon†. This painting was finished in 1907 in Paris, and depicts five nude female prostitutes. Each figure is painted in a perplexing and provoking manner, whe re none of them are socially accepted as being feminine.The women appear slightly intimidating with their angular and disjointed body shapes. Two of the women are shown with African mask-like faces, and the others have the style of Picasso's native Spain, giving them undomesticated characteristics. The work is widely considered to be influential in the early development of both cubism and modern art. This painting is very iconic because it was the first movement away from classical paintings towards cubism. I ask the question, do people see sentimentality in modern art such as this? This picture alone could show many forms of sentimentality throughout its borders.Sentimentality can be viewed in the sense that it depicts the female body and how natural it is. Picasso’s view of women can be seen in this painting. It could have been sentimental to him in the way that he saw all women with beautiful bodies, yet they all had different faces to go with those bodies. Newman would sa y that this painting could bring sentimentality to one when viewing it because it could bring unnatural emotions such as love and tenderness. It may also show that we as human beings do not have to look deep to have such a wonderful body.Another form of viewing this may show how we should feel in our skin, and that everyone is beautiful in their own way. To one that may view this as being sentimental, I wonder what types of feelings this would make them feel? Maybe it was a replica that their parents had hung in the house when they were a child, and it brings back their childhood memories of growing up. Maybe it makes them feel good and takes them back to those moments where their whole family would sit around the dining table and this portrait was hung in the dining room where they ate.On the opposite end of the spectrum, one may argue that this is exactly as it portrays, and that it is just a painting of a few naked women. This is how Savile would look at this portrait. He would s ay this is just an ordinary photo painted by Picasso that shows no sentimentality. One could argue that this picture shows no sentimentality because the subject shows naked women and nothing more. They could say that Picasso was just painting a picture of the five whores he had spent time with during his lifetime. To have no sentimental feeling, this picture should not bring a sense of emotion when viewing it.To someone viewing this portrait, they may feel that this is just absurd that someone would even paint this. This is how a majority of society felt when Picasso painted this and revealed it for the first time. But it just may also show how we should feel in our skin and that everyone is beautiful in their own way. To someone who doesn’t see sentimentalism in this photo, they may think that this photo is a painting of how we are all beautiful in our own way and that it doesn’t matter what we look like. This painting may have not even been sentimental to Picasso.Qui te possibly this was just something that came into his mind and he decided to paint it. Although, some people think that this painting was an inspiration of what Picasso saw while he visited Africa and witnessed some African tribal masks’. To me this painting brings emotions of happiness. Therefore, I would take the side of Newman, and state that this portrait and all art can show some form of sentimentality to its viewers. Picasso’s portrait shows me that we are all beautiful, and that it doesn’t matter what you look like.It shows that we are all beautiful on the inside and the outside doesn’t matter. I like this photo because these women all have different faces, yet they have the same body styles. The red and blue background colors bring a sense of tenderness and seem to a calm, warm setting. This puts the body at ease when viewing this portrait, which to me brings up those sentimental feelings of happiness and youthfulness. It’s also saying to me be promiscuous; let loose and have a little fun in life. I know not everybody gets those same feelings but that is the whole point of sentimentality.It brings up different emotions for each individual person. It is like the old saying goes, â€Å"to each his own. † That is what this portrait also brings to my mind. It is as though it is saying do what makes you happy in life: as the women in the portrait are doing. They may prefer to be nude and it may be the lifestyle they choose to live. Along with happiness when I look at this picture, I also feel a little anger because the fact that we as humans do not feel this same way about our bodies. We base judgment on other people by the way they look.We do not give them time to truly get to know them. We jump to conclusions, and if they look ugly we assume they are an ugly person on the inside too. This most definitely is not always the case. Sentimentality in Picasso’s painting â€Å"Les Demoiselles d’ Avignorâ €  is shown by the way he portrays the women and having natural yet beautiful bodies. Some may disagree and say that all forms of art show no range of sentimentality but I believe otherwise. I believe that any form of art can show sentimentalism as I have proved in this writing.

Google in Asia

PIB Case Discussion Google in Asia 1. What resources and capabilities does Naver have that Google does not? – Those two companies have same purpose and function. But in detail, Google didn’t catch up Koreans mind. Google prefer simple design with fast searching system for people whose don’t have fast internet or fast internet devices. But in Korean market, almost every houses are using super fast internet with chip price. And even countryside of South Korea is able to use fast internet. If American or other nation uses naver as a main page, too many links and advertising can be effect their internet speed.And Naver has more information that fits to Korean people who wants for the information. Such as Knowledge search, blogs, and cafe things, which make people gathering and share the information and communicating. 2. Why are the top two search engine providers in Japan foreign entrants, whereas in South Korea and China, it is a domestic incumbent that dominates th e industry? -People can proud of their mother company which gives lots of information and easy to use. But in Japan, those two companies are foreign companies and settle downed already in Japanese market. That’s why even it’s not Japanese company, people doesn’t care. . Does Naver have what it takes to succeed in overseas markets, such as Japan and the United states? -Naver is not just a search engine which give information. The reason that succeeds in Korean market was other functions, which can provide interests and make people gathering all together on the websites. If Naver provide similar function web site in Japan and US market, they might be successful. But before they jump in foreign market, they must consider of the environment factors such as internet speed and supply rates of computer thing. Naver is too heavy for people who don’t have fast internet or fast internet devices.

ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN POLAND & RUSSIA Essays - Anti-capitalism

ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN POLAND & RUSSIA Essays - Anti-capitalism ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN POLAND & RUSSIA Since approximately 1988, Poland and the republic of Russia (formerly Soviet Union) have gone through major economic reform. The main emphasis of this paper is to identify the different approaches that the governments in these two countries have taken and to look at the positive and negative effects that these drastic changes have had on their economies. Specifically, the question asked in this paper is, "Why has the economic transition in Poland been more successful than in Russia? We will be looking at what factors are being used to measure this success and what their prospects are for the future. With almost half of the world stayed under the communist ties, Poland took risk and applied revolutionary economic reforms under which it started closing inefficient plants, ended subsidies for plants working at a loss, introduces mass privatization and lifted price controls. The shocking therapy successfully introduced Poland to the path of rapid economic growth and made it the reform model for other post-communist countries. Also, to increase the educational quality and adjust its profiles to the present labor market needs, in 1998 Polish government implemented the education system reform. The modifications, including every field of schoolwork, brought the system closer to the western education standards and gave Polish students, and well as their teachers greater flexibility in shaping their career. For Decades, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union swore that the red tide initiated within its borders would sweep the world covering every nation with the ideals of Marxism. Karl Marx?s promise of a communist utopia was embraced by the governments of many nations and his philosophy became one of the prevalent worldviews of the 20th century. However, in the late 1980?s, the leaders of the Communist Party bowed to a revolution of different type. This concession was the result of the reform efforts of Mikhail Gorbachev as the party agreed to end its monopoly on power in the Soviet Union. As the world enters a new decade, Karl Marx?s bold statement appears destined to be proven wrong. After a decade of massive social upheaval in countries behind the Iron Curtain, the communist philosophy became a system of a bygone era. The Soviet Union, the nation with the world?s largest land mass and the leader of the communist world, has suddenly had its political power base challenged and its ec onomy shaken to the core. As the reality of Gorbachev's message dawned, Poland took the lead. Solidarity became a political party, then won a parliamentary election, then-at Jaruzelski's request-put one of its strategists, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, into the premiership. Soon Solidarity leader Lech Walesa was President of Poland. Meanwhile, Hungary took down its barbed-wire barriers to the West, literally dismantling a sector of the Iron Curtain, and thousands of East German vacationers came through. Demonstrators in East German cities discontinued Erich Honecker and his command, and on Nov. 9, 1989, they dismantled, almost stone by stone, the symbol of communism's inadequacy: the Berlin Wall. A similar bloodless onslaught, which Czech leader Vaclav Havel called the "velvet revolution," snuffed out the communists in Prague and then in Sofia. In all the East bloc, only the December 1989 uprising that ended Nicolae Ceausescu's reign in Romania touched off bloodshed, when both the Ceausescu and his wife were executed. Still, the contemporary joke had it about right: in the surge toward freedom, Poland took 10 years, Hungary 10 months, East Germany 10 weeks, Czechoslovakia 10 days and Romania 10 hours. Gorbachev the liberator was not a success at home. The Soviet economy drifted further into decline, strikes erupted, and most threatening of allthe forming republics of the union began declaring their "sovereignty." Even so, Gorbachev plunged ahead with his version of reform and in February 1990 directed an overhaul of the Soviet constitution that eliminated Article 6, the provision that gave the Communist Party a monopoly on political power. According to Gorbachev, communism has not been successful in the Soviet Union because there is a need for further reform. Gorbachev?s goal is to implement democratic ideals and freedoms in a socialistic structure. In the meantime, Soviet society is in the process of recomvery and renewal. Gorbachev firmly believes that an ideal communist

Areas That Need Improvement Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Areas That Need Improvement - Literature review Example In addition, I would improve my presentation skills in order to come up with an exceptional paper. I would polish on my referencing and fluency of the content. I would also work on the structure of the content and ensure that the ideas flow throughout the paper. In order to achieve good grades at this level, there are certain skills that in need to hone. Perfecting my skills in searching online journals, referencing and planning and managing an academic dissertation can really help to boost my grades. Having proficient skills in searching online journals will enable me to effectively carry out extensive literature searches. Research at Masters Level requires students to use specialized information sources and the ability to easily search for them is of paramount importance (Kim 2008). Online journals are some of the sources that are used at this level and therefore, students must have the necessary search skills in order to be able to access these materials and use them in writing their research papers. Skills in referencing and avoiding plagiarism are very important at this level since students are expected to conduct research and write properly referenced papers. These papers should be free of plagiarism and acknowledge the author. Good referencing and avoiding plagiarism earns students good grades. It is important to polish my skills in paraphrasing and quoting in order to avoid plagiarism in my papers. Plagiarizing is regarded as cheating and it automatically leads to failure. At Masters Level, writing dissertations is mandatory. Therefore, skills in planning and managing an academic dissertation are very important. A proper dissertation will require skills in choosing a good topic, developing research questions, conducting an organized and methodical research and proper reporting of the research (Kim 2008).

Inventive Spelling, should we convert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inventive Spelling, should we convert - Essay Example Moreover, it allows a person to write and experiment with letters without being bound in a specific set of rules (Goswami, Ziegler & Richardson, 2005). Purpose of Inventive Spelling The purpose of inventive writing is to encourage children to communicate their thoughts without worrying if they are able to express it correctly. People who advocate the use of inventive spelling claim that children who are taught through this approach present a developing comprehension of the sounds corresponding each letter, wherein a more advanced inventive spelling approach encourages a student to write the sounds that represents the words they hear (Goswami, et. al, 2005). In addition, advocates of this approach share that students who are constantly corrected in the way they spell usually lose interest in writing and eventually develop a low self esteem. Instead of hindering a child to express his or her thoughts due to spelling lapses, the inventive spelling approach enjoins the children to write as they please, and correct them from there (Andrews, et. Al, 2005). The process of inventive spelling is one of the new means of teachers in helping their students to learn. It had been established on the premise of children's comprehension, which follows the context of encouraging children to express their thoughts first before teaching them the restrictive measures of spelling guidelines. Through inventive spelling, students are free to express their thoughts through using the letters and spelling patterns they know (Frisson,2002). In that regard, inventive spelling has been formulated towards the children's developmental process. When students use inventive spelling, the teacher would be able to identify what the child knows and doesn't know about proper English spelling. This would then help the teacher to know what aspect of the writing form she must focus on in teaching the students. In addition, inventive spelling also helps a child understand that words should be spelled ba sed on how you say them (Bowman& Treiman, 2002). As stoodents lern haw tu spel, it iz hrd tu xpek dat day wud bee eibel tu spel everi wrd korekly. It iz dan imprtan tu nat dat invintiv speling iz an aproch tuwards tradishoal speling, end nat a speling porm in itself. It ken bee regardd as an edyukeishonal tuol dat wud hlp stoodents tu lern da konvenshonal mins, by alawng stoodents tu wraite yusng invintd speling end gaid da chaildren in rekognaizng mizspeled wrdz end tich da korek ones. In diz maner, a stoodent's speling abilty wud impruv, daus enayblng dam tu spel mor wrdz korekly (Richgels, 2001). Advantages of Inventive Spelling Research indicates teaching students how to spell entails a process of memorizing words. However, inventive spelling allows children to communicate their thoughts, and later on adapt the correct form as they get exposed to correct spelling. The context of visual memory was associated with the ability of a child to visualize what a word should look like, w hich is deemed an integral aspect of spelling. On the other hand, an expert noted that visual memory can be developed through learning word patterns and using these words in the process of reading and writing, as opposed to simply memorizing a list of words (Richgels, 2001). In essence, children are able to learn how to communicate their thoughts in writing and learn how to spell these properly afterwards. This would then help students to express their ideas, without beings restricted by spelling guidelines. Through this

Art in the Age of Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Art in the Age of Revolution - Essay Example lieving in this idea, the Realists recorded in often resolute aspects of the current day survival of modest people that paralleled with the associated movements in the naturalist literature of Emile Zola, Honore de Balzac, and Gustave Flaubert. The assessment of the working class into the area of high art and literature overlapped with the socialist philosophies of Pierre Proudhon and Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto, which were published in the year 1848 and led to an urge of manual revolution (Nineteenth-Century French Realism, 2012). Gustave Courbet was a great French painter and he developed the term Realism in art to sum up a fashion of painting that emerged in France after the 1848 Revolution. The painters and sculptors who followed Realism wanted to express neither magnificence nor attractiveness. Rather it was all ordinariness that they were focused into. Artists of the time completely surveyed the limits of this artistic concept. Popular artists like Auguste Rodin succ eeded in initiating this heroicism in their works. The mid nineteenth century school of French Realism was an introduction for numerous other movements of the modern art related to Realism that appeared later in the twentieth century. Social Realism was also included in these movements (Artists of the Realism School (c. 1840-1900), n.d.). Socialist Realism in Modern Art: In the field of modern art, the concept of Social Realism is conventionally linked with interwar American art. It provided remarks on social, economic, and political conditions that existed during an era of Depression. There were two movements of modern art that could be associated with a left-wing character. These were the American Social Realism and Soviet-inspired Socialist Realism. There had been significant events that... From the above study, it can be very well concluded that during the mid nineteenth century, French artists had significantly given rise to the revolution involving Realism in their art and avoided Romanticism. The main purpose of this plan was to bring out the lives of the common people of their times in the representations and portrayals of the arts and paintings as well as literature. This can be considered to have an association with the social aspect of lives as well since the depictions would communicate some message or the other in regard to the human lives and their society. This author talks that Realism is a form of presenting the work of art in which different issues are portrayed in as simple a way as feasible, exclusive of romanticizing them and without any rules of formal artistic theory being followed. This paper makes a conclusion that the label of Socialist was not much obtained in the movement and Realism was considered more suitable to the movement and the acts of the artists as represented through their works. Thus, as far as the movement is concerned it can be said that the French Art in the mid nineteenth century had taken significant measures towards their society trying to focus and represent their conditions through their paintings and creations but the label of socialist might not been involved or attached to realism to great extents in this regard, although their works did have socialist message for the world.

Critically evaluate the theories that attempt to explain why women Essay

Critically evaluate the theories that attempt to explain why women continue to suffer disadvantage in the employment relationship - Essay Example The majority of women are employed in low skilled jobs, and the manner of their dealings with employers is not subject to protections presented by competitive forces within the labour market. Majority of women at the work place are exposed to unfair dealings and outcomes with companies (Colgan & Ledwith 2002, p. 172). Their bargaining power is unequal compared to the firm due to lack of protection. This system works unfairly to women even as nonmarket mechanisms try to provide some form of protection to them. Since early 1800 there have always been legislations meant to protect female workers. This includes prohibition from working in certain occupations, hours of work and compulsory maternity leave. Consequently, firms responded by either substituting female labour or lowering their wages to cater for the costs. Critics observe that protective policies stand in the way of women in their bid to compete with men for high paying jobs (Brown et al 2009, p.151). The paper addresses a range of theories which have been put forward to explain the position women occupy in employment. These theories including radical feminism, Marxist feminism and liberal feminism share some things in common. Apart from postmodernists, labour market segmentation and human capital model the proponents assume human behaviour is determined biologically. On the contrary knowledge from social sciences asser ts that as much as people shape society, the society too shapes people. This is to say that the mainstream feminist theories consider women in employment relations in terms of sex as opposed to gender. This theory puts much emphasis on the need for human agency as opposed to social structure, in suggesting improvement and explaining women’s position. According to the theory it is vital that both individuals and legislation are subjected to change. However, the behavioural change among people is given much emphasis. The equality between man and women is

National competitive advantage of technology

National competitive advantage of technology Is technology the basis of long-term national competitive advantage? Compare the differences in the innovation systems of leading economies, industries and firms? Kay (1993) describes â€Å"innovation† as a ‘distinctive capability that can help provide the foundation for competitive advantage. Technology has been shaping the world since the start of the human era. Even in the business world it has changed the way businesses works, it has changed the manner we perceive and even the way we manage business. There are three major forms of innovating; RD, imported technology and technological transfers.   So, to argue we will use porter and chandlers theories with comparing the three different tires of the Nation level, the Industry level and the Firm level to understand whether technology on itself or with factors leads to a National competitive advantage. And we will focus over the major five economies, which are USA, UK, Germany, Japan and China. Technological development and innovation is a quite vital for long-term national competitiveness and success. Porter (1998) defined the national competitive advantage as the capacity of nation to attract local and foreign firms to use a platform for conducting business and attaining economic success. Therefore, with better technology will bring in more options for business and will be more attractive. Porter stresses the importance of technological change as â€Å"The determinants of national innovative capacity†, 2002, by referring this as one of the principal drivers of competition, which is at the heart of economic growth and development. The major reasons which supports the argument of it being vital to competitive advantage is because of the way it leads to differentiation or lower costs from the competitors in product and service designs. Firms must broaden and extend the basis of their competitive advantage by innovation through technology development and update (Fitzge rald, 1994). Innovation through technological development can also lead to national comparative advantage. Even though technology is one of the primary determinants of national competitiveness, they are other factors. Moreover, distinguishing the â€Å"Invention† from â€Å"Innovation† is must and has been done by Schumpeter, in which the invention is just a scientific breakthrough and not necessarily a business one cause of the commercial viability, being unknown. However, the job of the research and development is more to bring in the commercial viability, which may turn out to be a competitive advantage. The phrase deemed â€Å"technological change† has altered the society and increased the national wealth through success of various governments, since the 19th century. One of the major contributors in the development of economies and technology are the large industrial enterprises, which earlier with their super-normal profits and evolving competition, embodied innovation in their processes and products. So the major factors that led to these technological enterprises were lower costs, better human resources inclusive of management, smooth flow of material and information with well-built distributing networks and a primary driver of technological advances, (Chandler, 1995) Metcalfe, (1995) defines National innovation systems as â€Å"set of distinct institutions which jointly and individually contribute to the development and diffusion of new technologies and which provides the framework within which governments form and implement policies to influence the innovation process. As such it is a system of interconnected institutions to create, store and transfer the knowledge, skills and arti facts which define new technologies.† As stated above, the major five economies have been analysed at the macro level amongst their National Innovation Systems. The resources for Japanese innovation are mostly through private firms, public research institutions and educational institutions; for the USA are mostly non-US firms and educational institutions (Buiges, 2009). While the UK, Germany and China share similar resources, which is mainly the government. So, to start we analyse the RD expenditure to the economic output of the countries. The USA has a stable expenditure share between 2.5 to 3% since 1996 (Dicken, 2003). While, Japan on the contrary has the highest share of expenditure for RD which has been more than 3% of the countrys output since 2007 and the percentage is increasing (Abe and Fitzgerald, 1995). U.K. and Germany have been steady with their RD expenditure ranging from 1.5 to 2% since 1996. The Chinese increased their input by 1% from 1996 to 2006. The second major consideration is the pool of scientists and engineers in which Japan overtakes the USA. Even though USA has a mighty infrastructure of education and research. One of the major origins of innovation in the USA is non-US firms, mostly related to Japan. Hence, Wright (1992) stated â€Å"following World War 2, USA was the worlds most productive economy by virtually any measure; however, this is no longer.† Students in Germany are not trained in school, while Chinese students are now trained occupationally in school to fill in the gap of the lacking of skilled and experienced work force in china mentioned by Buiges (2009). Hence we can see that to build innovation, the other investments like in financial, information, educational systems are required with government supporting policies and sometimes industry collectivity. The first industry we opt for in the pharmaceutical industry, as it has high relevance to innovation and RD, to contrast the national systems at an industry level. The â€Å"first mover† explained by (Chandler 1992), as a crucial role was done by Germany in the pharmaceutical industry for a stronger position. This national innovation system helps in explaining why German companies like Bayer and Salvesan are able to be at the upper hand. These companies R D investment started as early as in 1870s, which help them innovating aspirin and anti-syphilis drug. Sustaining the competitive advantage over first is not possible until it is cyclical (repetitive), after world war one, Germans lost to the Americans and the British. This happened after the US and UK were forced producing substitutes to those drugs from Germany, to which they lost supply, hence started focusing on developing the domestic industry (Owen 1999). The companies were like Burroughs welcome and May Baker in the UK and Eli Lilly in the US. Loosing out in the first mover, the dependencies of the UK had increased but to counter the affect and to create a national advantage, the National Health Service (NHS) was established in 1984. The NHS is referred as the â€Å"ultimate paymaster for the bulk of the industry sales.† (Owen 1999:371). Another exposure that the British gained for responding to the Germans was the presence of major multinationals which brought in mass capital from countries like US, Switzerland and France which acted as a stimulus rather than being a threat. Finally, government intervention as a supporter gave a platform to companies like SmithKline and Pfizer. As a result the British with its strong innovation index and its regulatory options attracted Research and development. To support this argument Nelson (1993:279), states, â€Å"Competitive success in pharmaceuticals depends on a domestic environment which encourages firms to invest in costly research and development programs.† The Ec onomist shows after the Nelson argument, expenditure on RD in the UK increased by a staggering 6% since 1995, (The Economist, March 2005). The major difference in NIS of US and the UK has been the government support, which was majorly lacking in the USA and enforced the pharmaceutical industry to heavily rely on the Market networks, to support stands Glaxo and La Roche as examples. Even the statistics show the dramatic rise of expenditure on marketing to 33% in comparison to the 19% investment on RD by Novartis. (The Economist, March 2005). Americas large domestic market has always been the excuse for super normal profits and then innovation and further by competitive advantage but there is a reason for the European counterparts to outsmart them even with lesser finances and resources was cause of the government support and culture. Even Owen supports the argument of having a domestic market is not the utmost reason for being more competitive. Due to lack of resources and government regulations about the usage of resources the Japanese were far behind in developing a NIS in the pharmaceutical industry and tend to follow the path of mergers and acquisitions to be competitive. A relevant instance was the takeover of La Roche over Chugai, a major innovator in Japans pharmaceutical industry. The second industry we opted for analysis is the semi-conductor industry. To start with USA the most competitive in this industry, where clusters have been the key to its NIS. Porter defines clusters, as a system of inter-related firms that are connected vertically and horizontally, with a value greater than its parts sum of its parts. The two major constituents of the American NIS are Route 128 and the â€Å"Silicon Valley†, which is the present core, (Dicken, 2004). The clusters have led to easier and much faster knowledge sharing which leads to an advantage. The use of clusters has also led to development of American FDI into Malaysia as another cluster for less expensive labour. The semi-conductor business being highly technical, educational system especially universities have been vital. The USA and Germany have provided with a better university network with close relationships between the firms and universities, facilitating with a stream of scientists and engineers with the skills to innovate, (Nelson 1993). The University of Stanford location around the Silicon Valley stands for a reason. This competitive NIS was firstly sheltered and supported by the government. A similar form of cluster evolved in Japan wit the five major semi-conductor producers, which are NEC, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Toshiba and Mitsubishi. The group was called MITI collaboration for research. The group was 40 % funded by the Japanese government leading the Japanese government to be a virtual part, (Dicken, 2004). As mentioned above the Americans protected the semi conductor industry, was because of Japans government support and restrictions on American semi-conductors with the supply of cheaper semi-conductors known as â€Å"Dump Chips† in the US. The Chinese followed the Japanese in making a hold in the international semi-conductor market, even though with their â€Å"open door policy†, they had generated FDI before like merging with Taiwanese company ACER Ltd. The major difference in innovation systems of the two late industrializing nations i.e. China and Japan and the rest three is that instead of being pioneers in the semi-conductor industry they choose innovation through â€Å"imitation.† In most cases the learned technology was diffused and made it into an easier adaptable version, following innovating the technology. The only price for them to pay was the license fee. Well, now the Asian countries have started to invest more in research and development for creating their own innovations. Japan is quite successful in implementing it and has been considered as the â€Å"powerhouse† in RD like the US. China is on the path and is using a techno hybrid technology, with FDI, technology transfer in it, they are evolving as a key player in the semi-conductor industry. (Fitzgerald Cirvagena, 2009) To conclude, Technology is important for a countrys national competitive advantage, but as this discussion has shown, technology is not the only factor that can stimulate a leading position in a particular industry and for the economy. As Dicken (2004) highlights â€Å"In an intensely competitive environment, the introduction of a continuous stream of new products is essential to a firms profitability and indeed survival†, which referred earlier a repetitive or cyclical innovation is must.   Furthermore, by analyzing the NIS of the todays five leading economies, we have seen that the role of the state, clusters, and corporate governance, education systems, culture, have been vital components. This discussion possibly asks us to consider which is the best NIS to gain a national competitive advantage. In reflection of the two industries that have been looked at, a blend of different factors can be identified and have been justified.   The challenging nature of the US pharmaceutical industry could be improved by following the UK NIS, which recently the Obama Administration in the USA had approved. The fact that the UK semiconductor industry is such a small player in this market could be due to a lack of RD investment, which its US counterparts achieved through clustering. It is clear that one single approach in NIS is not the key to a countrys national competitive advantage or industry. References Buiges, P Sekkat, K (2009). Industrial Policy in Europe, Japan and the USA. UK: Macmillan Publishers. p.180-220. Chandler, A, ‘Managerial Enterprise and Competitive Capabilities in Jones, G and Harvey, C. (1992) Organisational Capability and Competitive Advantage. London: Frank Cass. Chandler, A.D (1995). Strategy and structure: chapters in the history of the industrial enterprise. 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(1992) ‘The rise and fall of American technological leadership: the post-war era in historical perspective, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 30. Owen, G. 1999. From empire to Europe. London: Harper Collins Porter, M. (1998). The competitive advantage of nations: with a new introduction. USA: Harvard Business Review. p.73-90 Porter, M. (2002). The determinants of national innovative capacity. Research Policy. 31 (6), p.899-933. Finefacts Team (2005) ‘RD scorecard Global top 1,000 Companies: US firms dominate, 86% of total RD comes from just 6 countries out of 36, Oct 24, 2005 The Economist (2005) ‘Prescriptions for change, A Survey of Pharmaceuticals, June 18th, 2005